The science, in plain English

What is
NDVI?

NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NDRE (Normalized Difference Red Edge) both let you see vine health from above — but they read different things. Like judging a vine by leaf colour and canopy density, not just one.

NDVI NDVI map of a vineyard block showing strong contrast between vigorous green panels and weaker areas
The broad viewOverall vigour & biomass — great early, saturates when the canopy fills in.
NDRE NDRE map of the same vineyard block showing finer variation in a dense canopy
The fine detailChlorophyll & nitrogen — sees through a dense canopy where NDVI can't.
Same block · two ways of seeing it
Two indices, two jobs

One sees the big
picture. One sees deeper.

They're not rivals — most vineyard managers use both. NDVI for the broad strokes and early planning, NDRE for precision when it counts toward harvest quality.

NDVI · broad health

The vigour map.

Measures the difference between red and near-infrared light your vines reflect — a read on overall canopy density and biomass.

What it tells you
Overall vigour and biomass. Healthy, chlorophyll-rich vines reflect strong near-infrared and read high.
Best season
Early to mid-season — mapping vigour, finding weak patches, checking canopy establishment.
The catch
Saturates once the canopy gets dense — everything reads "green" even when there are real differences underneath.
NDRE · fine detail

The precision check.

Uses the "red edge" band — a narrow slice of light where vegetation reflection changes fast — to look deeper into the canopy.

What it tells you
Chlorophyll content and nitrogen status, accurately, even in a full canopy.
Best season
Mid to late season — subtle stress NDVI misses: early nutrient gaps, water stress, disease pressure.
The advantage
Doesn't saturate — it tells "healthy" from "very healthy", and flags problems earlier.
Across the season

When each earns
its keep.

Through a Margaret River growing season, the useful index shifts from NDVI to NDRE as the canopy fills in. Here's roughly how they trade off, bud break to harvest.

🌱
Bud break
Aug
🌿
Shoot growth
Sep
🍃
Flowering
Oct
🟢
Fruit set
Nov
🫐
Berry dev.
Dec
🍇
Veraison
Jan
🍷
Harvest
Feb
NDVIVigour & biomass
Highest
vigour mapping
Highest
High
Moderate
Moderate
Lower
saturating
Lower
NDREChlorophyll & stress
Lower
early signal
Lower
Increasing
Increasing
High
Highest
maturity & water
Highest

Early on, an open canopy makes NDVI the better read on vigour. As the canopy closes, NDVI saturates and NDRE takes over — most useful through veraison and into harvest, when fruit quality and water status matter most.

In the vineyard

Which one, and when.

Reach for NDVI when you want to
  • Build management zones from overall vigour patterns
  • Spot problem areas early in the season
  • Guide variable-rate fertiliser in spring
  • Assess vine establishment in young blocks
Reach for NDRE when you need to
  • Fine-tune nitrogen in mature blocks
  • Catch water stress before it's visible
  • Monitor health through veraison into harvest
  • Pick up disease or pest pressure in its early stages
The short version
NDVI checks your vines are green and growing. NDRE checks they're truly thriving — with the nutrition to make quality fruit.

You wouldn't judge a vine by trunk diameter alone, ignoring leaf colour and fruit set. The two indices complement each other all season — and the smartest programs use both.

See it on your blocks

We capture both —
and hand you the map.

We fly your blocks in NDVI and NDRE, build the zones, and deliver them as a field app you can walk. Curious what your season looks like from above?